Manipulators

We use manipulators to format the output
on screen in a specific manner. Manipulators are the operator for
formatting. With the help of manipulators programmer can choose how to
display output on screen or device. The manipulators that are used with
arguments are worked as functions returning objects of undetermined
type. These manipulators define their own operator<< or
operator>> which perform the requested manipulation. To use any
manipulator other than �endl� we must include new header file . they can
be used for both input and output. Few of these manipulators are as
give below:

Manipulators defined in header

boolalpha noboolalpha	switches between textual and numeric representation of Booleans
showbase noshowbase	controls whether prefix is used to indicate numeric base
showpoint noshowpoint	controls whether decimal point is always included in floating-point representation
showpos noshowpos	controls whether the + sign used with non-negative numbers
skipws noskipws	controls whether leading whitespace is skipped on input
uppercase nouppercase	controls whether uppercase characters are used with some output formats
unitbuf nounitbuf	controls whether output is flushed after each operation
internal left right	sets the placement of fill characters
dec hex oct	changes the base used for integer I/O
fixed scientific hexfloat defaultfloat	changes formatting used for floating-point I/O

Defined in header

ws	Consume white space
ends	Outputs �\0�
flush	Flushes the output stream
endl	move cursor to new line and flushes the output stream.

Defined in header

resetiosflags	clears the specified ios_base flags
setiosflags	sets the specified ios_base flags
setbase	changes the base used for integer I/O
setfill	changes the fill character
setprecision	changes floating-point precision
setw	changes the width of the next input/output field
get_money	parses a monetary value
put_money	formats and outputs a monetary value
get_time	parses a date/time value of specified format
put_time	formats and outputs a date/time value according to the specified format
quoted	inserts and extracts quoted strings with embedded spaces

1.1.1 endl Manipulator

It acts as a stream manipulator which is used to feed the whole line
and then point the cursor to the beginning of the next line. It works
same as \n. Let�s see how both are used:

cout<<�This is first syntax \n�;

cout<<�This is first syntax�<

Both above code example show same result and cursor will moved to the start of the next line.

1.1.2 setw Manipulator

It is used to set minimum width for output. By default, output is
displayed right-justified within specified field. Syntax of setw is
given below:

setw(n)

Few examples of set(w) are given below:

Code

Output

cout<

cout<

1.1.3 setfill Manipulator

It is used to fill starting blank spaces in the output with a
specified character. It is used with the combination of setw
manipulator. Let�s show you some example:

cout<

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
#	#	#	G	o	o	d		l	u	c	k

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Manipulators

1.1.1 endl Manipulator

1.1.2 setw Manipulator

1.1.3 setfill Manipulator

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